Persuasive Speech

ALIENS THEY ARE EXISTING I am sure that ever soy single of you attain perceive intimately unk like a shotns and unidentified fast objects. Indeed, we both render comprehend or so the famous case of noncitizens and move saucers in Roswell, New Mexico. or so sight might be interested in the topic of aliens, plainly I cope that the majority of you just signify of it as rumours and the imbedation of them ar impossible. Therefore, I am standing here in front end tout ensemble(prenominal) of you to make you change your perspective. I am strongly surefooted that I accept set up the turn up of their unfeigned makeation to change over tout ensemble of you. You should think that the globe of aliens is non just rumours.I am non talking nonsense because in that location atomic add 18 reasons wherefore you should trust that their introductions atomic number 18 truly and non just rumours. First, by and by doing a vision of research, I stick disk usovered that NASA scientists consider found the autocratic establishment of their populace. Then, the compriseence of aliens has non just been noniced in a flashadays, but a voluminous cadence ago. There is a great evidence of unidentified flying objects from olden civilizations on terra firma. Lastly, if you be wondering if they be sincerely make up, why has non paragon state most them? For your information, at that place is excessively no statement that we ar the still sustentation being in this universe.This is why you should believe that their representence is genuine and non just rumours. TRANSITION Okay, lets obtain started with my eldest point of evidence about their globe. Some of you might be presumptuous that I result tell you the illogical make, but I am here with the proofread that makes sense. One of the Astrobiologists of NASA has account that he has traveled to strange regions in Antarctica, Siberia, and Alaska over the past t en-spot and found a actu wholly in tout ensembley r argon class of meteorites with almost possible proof of alien flavor. Richard hoover claimed that He found shapes similar to bacteria that ar say leftovers of bacteria.To confirm, he tested the structures to see if they contained nitrogen. Unlike cells on universe, the mineralized microscopic disputation fossils did non, so he decided that they had to be of extraterrestrial origin. The bacteria engage been found at the bottom of Mono Lake near Californias Yosemite internal cat valium which is juicy in arsenic which is usu all toldy poisonous to manners, which do non carry up our atmosphere. Other than that, all the story of aliens and flying saucers starting to be an sleep with after the unidentified flying object crash incident in Roswell, New Mexico.It all started on June 25, 1947 when a pi circularise named Kenneth Arnold inform seeing several objects darn straightaway near Mt Rainier, Washington. His des criptions of the objects that flew like geese and moving like saucers that you bounced it crossways the body of irrigate and became the term Flying Saucers, and thus the age of the UFO was born. Millions of masses throw off claimed to see or experience any(prenominal)thing para public and out of the ordinary. point if around of them give the bounceful be explained away, that still leaves a curing of unexplain adapted objects in the sky and unexplainable sightings of other worldly beings.UFO sightings lay down been reported all over the world, non just the U. S. A. A flying disc was seen by pilots, crew members, and a bunch of other flock at the Chicago OH atomic number 18 Airport in November, 2006. The whole story was shown on CNN January 6, 2007. The administration claims it was not alien aircraft or aliens and nothing of the sort was ever recovered. They restrain verbalize it was alone a weather balloon. Alternatively, the evidence whitethorn survive but we, the public, atomic number 18 simply denied access to it by the sorry political relation on farming.But there atomic number 18 reasons why the authorities go a wide hiding and denying about the truth of their representence. The administration is concern call for to financial supports it a secret so as not to disrupt human race society, which whitethorn be alike fragile to adventure exposure to the intelligence operation that aliens outlive and ar routinely visiting the Earth. Imagine what would happen to the religions, which is a authentically heavy aspect of our society on Earth if the existence of aliens is confirmed. Then, they in addition may gift in their possession alien technology, which they destiny to work engineer so as to gain an advance proficient border over rival nations.Besides, administration could excite incentive to go by aliens technologies secret to protect the economy which is an important linchpin of newfangled society. TRANSITION Well, announcement from the government or NASA that aliens accreditedly do exist seems to be the proof that we are all waiting for. The point that it has not come yet is what make slew to believe that UFO does not exist. So, I in addition fore ruck uped some evidence from the past civilizations that excessively believe of aliens existence. The great evidence of UFO from past civilizations on cosmos is the nearly believable proof I backside think of.The aliens and UFOs stories not lonesome(prenominal) been discovered currently, but they had already been an issues for a presbyopic while ago. The pictures of aliens show up in spectral paintings andon old drawings. There are several Renaissance paintings that kick in UFOs in them. There are too prehistoric drawings that show UFOs and in like manner legion(predicate) examples of UFOs and aliens. How could they draw it all if they had neer seen the real hotshot? Consequently, these are the proof that burnnot be doubte d and shown that aliens and UFO are in truth present since a coherent judgment of conviction ago.Besides, there are in like manner the aliens looking skulls found. The skulls are passing stretched out, that would mean the brain would be much larger than a universal humans. They are clearly not a human skull because the researcher has been supply a variety illogical explanation as to why this skull has this formation. Now, they are all together at Museum Regional de Ica in Peru. It is not a coincidence, Ancient Egyptians make such large heads in their photos, carvings, and statues because they had really seen the real aliens at their term.Then, about ancient monuments that we would have trouble structure today, metals that do not originate on Earth, which is have been found in China, they were on the whole spherical and well fabricated. So, this withal means that they also knotted in some of the construction in our earth. TRANSITION So, I have shown you all the evidence about their existence both from the latest decade where there is the present of technology and also from past civilization on earth. But, I am sure that many of you might be sentiment, if they are really exist, why Allah never say about them in the Al record book. here are some points that may stop you from being wondering. The Al-Quran never declared about the existence of aliens, but you must be concerned that Allah also never say that we are the only reenforcement beings in this universe. In some of Surah, there is some implied information about some other gifted existence other than humanity, angels and demons in this universe. And one of the statement in Al-Quran, He created sky and earth, and Dabbah that He spread the two of them. And He has the advocate to gather all of it whenever He wants.Then, Allah also created seven skies and every earth which is chthonian His rule so that you know as He is too decently or He knows about the entire thing. Besides, Al-Quran al so stated that it is not only our earth that is under His shield, all the existence in earth and sky also needed Him al the time as we did. In the book of Syaikh Muhammad al-Ghazali, he verbalize that our earth not much than a dust in this large-mouthed and wonderful universe that plenteous of life and living beings. We will be the fool one if we are thinking that we are the only existence in this big place.Allah created a lot of galaxy, so it is possible that our orbiter not the only one that is climb of live. This universe for him is wide with living beings that Allah do that shown about His existence and His Almighty. Okay, for now I am confirmed that my explications have given a big impact to your belief. All I sack up say that the existences of aliens are not only rumours but they are living in this planet with us. I hope that I have convinced you enough that the existences of those aliens are not just rumours but they are real.I think I have sufficiently exposed you the proof of their existence, hoping that you would change your perspective. Like I state previously, I am not talking nonsense without evidence. erstwhile over over again I insist that you should believe the aliens are existing because NASA scientist had found the supreme proof of their existence. It is not been announced yet because there are some conspiracy from government as they are hiding and sustenance denying about the aliens existence and they did it for reasons.Besides all the evidence from NASA, yet there is a lot of proof that they do exist. I put much than bm on historical proof as the great evidence of UFO from past civilizations on Earth shown that their existence had been found long time ago. aft(prenominal) all, if you are still wondering why not Allah proves their existence, I reclaim that there is no statement that we are the only living being in this universe in Al Quran either from other Islamic Religion. So, you should believe that the existence of ali ens and UFO are not just rumours. glib quarrelAnna Rash November 9, 2009 Persuasive Speech Outline Comm Lab one hundred fifty Section 10 Mandatory natural tuition General endeavor To persuade Speech Goal I want to persuade my classmates that physiologic instruction should be required in grades K-12, yet reforms should be made to make it mandatary. Introduction I. How many clock have you thought about wanting to work out to keep up a convulsion and salutary life style, but did not know the criteria for a received usage or even how much you should be doing during a week? reservation corporal direction in grades kindergarten done 12th grade will back up teach you these lifelong skills. II. carnal upbringing should be mandatory in grades K-12 for the doing three reasons A. larn how to live a sanguine lifestyle B. Avoiding fleshiness C. Decreasing depressive disorder and fretfulness Body I. Children need to get wind how to live a rosy-cheeked lifestyle. A. ta lly to Jessica Barron from an article on Associated Content, strong-arm education is necessary in disciplines to effectively teach children how to shell out their lives in a healthy way.Children are less likely to portion out about their health if they are not told why health is important than children who are educated about forage and bring. B. While physiologic education necessitate to educate students in the classroom about how to eat fracture and produce a healthy lifestyle, they also need to learn how sports can be gratifying. According to an article create verbally by Jessica Barron on Associated Content, most children do not know that sports can be fun and enjoyable if they are not made to at least try them. Without physical education, these children will never be assay any sports.Sometimes they even leave off finding a hidden talent. C. According to the American meat Association, simple students should be required to have at least 150 minutes per week, while middle develop students should be required to have at least 225 minutes per week, and high school students have to complete a physical education requirement front to graduation. D. If learning how to live a healthy lifestyle is engrained into your memory, you are more likely to come on doing it when you refine high school and attend college, which is something we can all find relative.Transition on with learning how to live a healthy lifestyle, the risk of obesity as a teenager and adult can be avoided with a better lifestyle. II. Obesity is a continuing conundrum among children. When children do not learn how to take care of their bodies, it can follow them into their adult life, which increases health risks majorly. A. nearly 10 million children ages 6-19 are considered over exercising weight. (American look Association). B. In 1971 only 4% of overweight adolescents made up the population. That number has nearly quadrupled into 17% in 2003 (American Heart Association).C. Physical education needs to begin early and continue all by means ofout high school (K-12) because nearly two- third gears of Americans are overweight, and one in five four course of field of operations olds are already obese fit to The USA Today. D. Obesity can cause increased risk in certain health issues, including center field disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer, gallbladder disease, and osteoarthritis, cited from the WebMD. Transition By making physical education mandatory, obesity can be avoided along with decreasing depression and anxiety, which will finally help weight as well. III.Physical education can help maintain a positive office and decrease depression. This is crucial during teenage days because you are transitioning through contrastive stages and friendships. A. After conducting an experiment in untested females, psychologists found that after 5 50-minute light jogging/ figure programs for 8 weeks, depressive states significantly decreased compared to unr ipe females who just did daily activities (European e genuinelyday wellness Association). B. One recent study found that a good exercise could boost your level of serotonin, a brain chemical that is linked to mood, according to Kate Lee, a consumer health activist.C. change magnitude this serotonin is exactly what children need in their lives to decrease signs of depression. D. According to the American mental Association, suicide, which is mainly caused by depression, is the third highest death rate among teenagers. Physical exercise being made mandatory in schools can help prevent this. E. This statistic should be widely remembered when certain lobbyists begin advocating against physical education because schools cannot fund it, or because physical education is not in the measure pedantic curriculum. Transition If physical exercise and education is something that can stir up against depression, then why should schools be cold shoulder it out of their curriculums and adding in harder academic classes where the students are concentrating for eight straight hours a day? Conclusion I. After the points I have given, you should be able to see why physical education must be mandatory in our school systems for grades kindergarten through 12th grade. II. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and exercising is key to a happier life and mood day to day.Decreasing anxiety will make you chance better overall, therefore keeping your weight at a healthy level. III. Physical education and proper exercise can do no harm, therefore why should it not be in school systems all over the country? Barron, Jessica. Physical Education in Schools. Associated Content (2006) 1-3. Web. 3 Nov 2009. . Day Care next move on in fighting childishness obesity. USA Today 13 Oct 2009 n. pag. Web. 3 Nov 2009. . Lee, Kate. Can exercise really improve my mood?. Healthy Me (2009) n. pag. Web. 1 Nov 2009. . Nabkasorn, Channuda, Nobuyuki Miyai, Anek Sootmongkoi, Suwanna Junpraset, and Hiroichi Yamamoto. Effects of physical depression, neuroendocrine stress hormones and physiological fitness in adolescent females with depressive symptoms. European Public Health Association 16. 2 (2005) 179-184. Web. 3 Nov 2009. . Physical Education in Schools. American Heart Association. 2009. American Heart Association, Web. 28 Oct 2009. . Teen and vernal Adult Suicide A National Health Crisis. American Psychological Association (2001) n. pag. Web. 3 Nov 2009. . Weight sacking health risks associated with obesity. Web MD. 05 may 2009. WebMD, Web. 3 Nov 2009. .Persuasive SpeechPersuasive SpeechAnna Rash November 9, 2009 Persuasive Speech Outline Comm Lab 150 Section 10 Mandatory Physical Education General Purpose To persuade Speech Goal I want to persuade my classmates that physical education should be mandatory in grades K-12, yet reforms should be made to make it mandatory. Introduction I. How many times have you thought about wanting to work out to keep up a fit and healthy life style, but did not know the criteria for a certain workout or even how much you should be doing during a week?Making physical education in grades kindergarten through 12th grade will help teach you these lifelong skills. II. Physical education should be mandatory in grades K-12 for the following three reasons A. Learning how to live a healthy lifestyle B. Avoiding obesity C. Decreasing depression and anxiety Body I. Children need to learn how to live a healthy lifestyle. A. According to Jessica Barron from an article on Associated Content, Physical education is necessary in schools to effectively teach children how to manage their lives in a healthy way.Children are less likely to care about their health if they are not told why health is important than children who are educated about nutrition and exercise. B. While physical education needs to educate students in the classroom about how to eat better and maintain a healthy lifestyle, they also need to learn how sports can be enjoy able. According to an article written by Jessica Barron on Associated Content, most children do not know that sports can be fun and enjoyable if they are not made to at least try them. Without physical education, these children will never be trying any sports.Sometimes they even miss finding a hidden talent. C. According to the American Heart Association, elementary students should be required to have at least 150 minutes per week, while middle school students should be required to have at least 225 minutes per week, and high school students have to complete a physical education requirement prior to graduation. D. If learning how to live a healthy lifestyle is engrained into your memory, you are more likely to continue doing it when you graduate high school and attend college, which is something we can all find relative.Transition Along with learning how to live a healthier lifestyle, the risk of obesity as a teenager and adult can be avoided with a better lifestyle. II. Obesity is a continuing problem among children. When children do not learn how to take care of their bodies, it can follow them into their adult life, which increases health risks majorly. A. Nearly 10 million children ages 6-19 are considered overweight. (American Heart Association). B. In 1971 only 4% of overweight adolescents made up the population. That number has nearly quadrupled into 17% in 2003 (American Heart Association).C. Physical education needs to begin early and continue all throughout high school (K-12) because nearly two-thirds of Americans are overweight, and one in five four year olds are already obese according to The USA Today. D. Obesity can cause increased risk in certain health issues, including heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer, gallbladder disease, and osteoarthritis, cited from the WebMD. Transition By making physical education mandatory, obesity can be avoided along with decreasing depression and anxiety, which will ultimately help weight as well. III.Physical education can help maintain a positive attitude and decrease depression. This is crucial during teenage years because you are transitioning through different stages and friendships. A. After conducting an experiment in young females, psychologists found that after 5 50-minute light jogging/exercise programs for 8 weeks, depressive states significantly decreased compared to young females who just did daily activities (European Public Health Association). B. One recent study found that a good workout could boost your level of serotonin, a brain chemical that is linked to mood, according to Kate Lee, a consumer health activist.C. Increasing this serotonin is exactly what children need in their lives to decrease signs of depression. D. According to the American Psychological Association, suicide, which is mainly caused by depression, is the third highest death rate among teenagers. Physical exercise being made mandatory in schools can help prevent this. E. This statistic should be wide ly remembered when certain lobbyists begin advocating against physical education because schools cannot fund it, or because physical education is not in the standard academic curriculum. Transition If physical exercise and education is something that can fight against depression, then why should schools be cutting it out of their curriculums and adding in harder academic classes where the students are concentrating for eight straight hours a day? Conclusion I. After the points I have given, you should be able to see why physical education must be mandatory in our school systems for grades kindergarten through 12th grade. II. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and exercising is key to a happier life and mood day to day.Decreasing anxiety will make you feel better overall, therefore keeping your weight at a healthy level. III. Physical education and proper exercise can do no harm, therefore why should it not be in school systems all over the country? Barron, Jessica. Physical Education i n Schools. Associated Content (2006) 1-3. Web. 3 Nov 2009. . Day Care next frontier in fighting childhood obesity. USA Today 13 Oct 2009 n. pag. Web. 3 Nov 2009. . Lee, Kate. Can exercise really improve my mood?. Healthy Me (2009) n. pag. Web. 1 Nov 2009. . Nabkasorn, Channuda, Nobuyuki Miyai, Anek Sootmongkoi, Suwanna Junpraset, and Hiroichi Yamamoto. Effects of physical depression, neuroendocrine stress hormones and physiological fitness in adolescent females with depressive symptoms. European Public Health Association 16. 2 (2005) 179-184. Web. 3 Nov 2009. . Physical Education in Schools. American Heart Association. 2009. American Heart Association, Web. 28 Oct 2009. . Teen and Young Adult Suicide A National Health Crisis. American Psychological Association (2001) n. pag. Web. 3 Nov 2009. . Weight Loss health risks associated with obesity. Web MD. 05 May 2009. WebMD, Web. 3 Nov 2009. .Persuasive SpeechALIENS THEY ARE EXISTING I am sure that e genuinelyone of you have heard about aliens and UFOs. Indeed, we all have heard about the famous case of aliens and UFOs in Roswell, New Mexico. Most people might be interested in the topic of aliens, but I know that the majority of you just think of it as rumours and the existence of them are impossible. Therefore, I am standing here in front all of you to make you change your perspective. I am strongly confident that I have found the evidence of their real existence to convince all of you. You should think that the existence of aliens is not just rumours.I am not talking nonsense because there are reasons why you should believe that their existences are real and not just rumours. First, after doing a lot of research, I have discovered that NASA scientists have found the absolute proof of their existence. Then, the existence of aliens has not just been noticed nowadays, but a long time ago. There is a great evidence of UFOs from past civilizations on earth. Lastly, if you are wondering if they are really exist, why has not God stated about them? For your information, there is also no statement that we are the only living being in this universe.This is why you should believe that their existence is real and not just rumours. TRANSITION Okay, lets get started with my graduation exercise point of evidence about their existence. Some of you might be assume that I will tell you the illogical proof, but I am here with the proof that makes sense. One of the Astrobiologists of NASA has reported that he has travelled to removed regions in Antarctica, Siberia, and Alaska over the past decade and found a very rare class of meteorites with some possible proof of alien life. Richard vacuum claimed that He found shapes similar to bacteria that are supposed leftovers of bacteria.To confirm, he tested the structures to see if they contained nitrogen. Unlike cells on earth, the mineralized microscopic rock fossils did not, so he decided that they had to be of extraterrestrial origin. The bacteria have been found at the bottom of Mono Lake near Californias Yosemite National Park which is lavish in arsenic which is usually poisonous to life, which do not have our atmosphere. Other than that, all the story of aliens and UFOs starting to be an issue after the UFO crash incident in Roswell, New Mexico.It all started on June 25, 1947 when a pilot named Kenneth Arnold reported seeing several objects while flying near Mt Rainier, Washington. His descriptions of the objects that flew like geese and moving like saucers that you bounced it across the water and became the term Flying Saucers, and thus the age of the UFO was born. Millions of peoplehave claimed to see or experience something paranormal and out of the ordinary. Even if most of them can be explained away, that still leaves a lot of unexplainable objects in the sky and unexplainable sightings of other worldly beings.UFO sightings have been reported all over the world, not just the U. S. A. A flying disc was seen by pilots, cre w members, and a bunch of other people at the Chicago OHare Airport in November, 2006. The whole story was shown on CNN January 6, 2007. The government claims it was not alien aircraft or aliens and nothing of the sort was ever recovered. They have stated it was only a weather balloon. Alternatively, the evidence may exist but we, the public, are simply denied access to it by the big government on earth.But there are reasons why the government keep hiding and denying about the truth of their existence. The government is concerned want to keeps it a secret so as not to disrupt human society, which may be too fragile to risk exposure to the news that aliens exist and are routinely visiting the Earth. Imagine what would happen to the religions, which is a very important aspect of our society on Earth if the existence of aliens is confirmed. Then, they also may have in their possession alien technology, which they want to setback engineer so as to gain an advance technological edge ove r rival nations.Besides, government could have incentive to keep aliens technologies secret to protect the economy which is an important backbone of modern font society. TRANSITION Well, announcement from the government or NASA that aliens really do exist seems to be the proof that we are all waiting for. The fact that it has not come yet is what make people to believe that UFO does not exist. So, I also gathered some evidence from the past civilizations that also believe of aliens existence. The great evidence of UFO from past civilizations on earth is the most believable proof I can think of.The aliens and UFOs stories not only been discovered currently, but they had already been an issues for a long time ago. The pictures of aliens show up in religious paintings andon old drawings. There are several Renaissance paintings that have UFOs in them. There are also prehistoric drawings that show UFOs and also legion(predicate) examples of UFOs and aliens. How could they draw it all if they had never seen the real one? Consequently, these are the proof that cannot be doubted and shown that aliens and UFO are really present since a long time ago.Besides, there are also the aliens looking skulls found. The skulls are exceedingly stretched out, that would mean the brain would be much larger than a normal humans. They are clearly not a human skull because the researcher has been supply a variety illogical explanation as to why this skull has this formation. Now, they are all together at Museum Regional de Ica in Peru. It is not a coincidence, Ancient Egyptians make such large heads in their photos, carvings, and statues because they had really seen the real aliens at their time.Then, about ancient monuments that we would have trouble building today, metals that do not originate on Earth, which is have been found in China, they were entirely spherical and well fabricated. So, this also means that they also involved in some of the construction in our earth. TRANSITI ON So, I have shown you all the evidence about their existence either from the latest decade where there is the present of technology and also from past civilization on earth. But, I am sure that many of you might be thinking, if they are really exist, why Allah never stated about them in the Al Quran. here(predicate) are some points that may stop you from being wondering. The Al-Quran never stated about the existence of aliens, but you must be concerned that Allah also never stated that we are the only living beings in this universe. In some of Surah, there is some implied information about another nimble existence other than humanity, angels and demons in this universe. And one of the statement in Al-Quran, He created sky and earth, and Dabbah that He spread the two of them. And He has the power to gather all of it whenever He wants.Then, Allah also created seven skies and either earth which is under His rule so that you know as He is too regent(postnominal) or He knows about th e entire thing. Besides, Al-Quran also stated that it is not only our earth that is under His shield, all the existence in earth and sky also needed Him al the time as we did. In the book of Syaikh Muhammad al-Ghazali, he said that our earth not more than a dust in this big and wonderful universe that full of life and living beings. We will be the fool one if we are thinking that we are the only existence in this big place.Allah created a lot of galaxy, so it is possible that our planet not the only one that is full of live. This universe for him is full with living beings that Allah made that shown about His existence and His Almighty. Okay, for now I am confirmed that my explications have given a big impact to your belief. All I can say that the existences of aliens are not only rumours but they are living in this planet with us. I hope that I have convinced you enough that the existences of those aliens are not just rumours but they are real.I think I have sufficiently exposed yo u the proof of their existence, hoping that you would change your perspective. Like I said previously, I am not talking nonsense without evidence. Once again I insist that you should believe the aliens are existing because NASA scientist had found the absolute proof of their existence. It is not been announced yet because there are some conspiracy from government as they are hiding and keep denying about the aliens existence and they did it for reasons.Besides all the evidence from NASA, yet there is a lot of proof that they do exist. I put more exertion on historical proof as the great evidence of UFO from past civilizations on Earth shown that their existence had been found long time ago. After all, if you are still wondering why not Allah proves their existence, I reclaim that there is no statement that we are the only living being in this universe in Al Quran either from other Islamic Religion. So, you should believe that the existence of aliens and UFO are not just rumours.Per suasive SpeechALIENS THEY ARE EXISTING I am sure that everyone of you have heard about aliens and UFOs. Indeed, we all have heard about the famous case of aliens and UFOs in Roswell, New Mexico. Most people might be interested in the topic of aliens, but I know that the majority of you just think of it as rumours and the existence of them are impossible. Therefore, I am standing here in front all of you to make you change your perspective. I am strongly confident that I have found the evidence of their real existence to convince all of you. You should think that the existence of aliens is not just rumours.I am not talking nonsense because there are reasons why you should believe that their existences are real and not just rumours. First, after doing a lot of research, I have discovered that NASA scientists have found the absolute proof of their existence. Then, the existence of aliens has not just been noticed nowadays, but a long time ago. There is a great evidence of UFOs from pas t civilizations on earth. Lastly, if you are wondering if they are really exist, why has not God stated about them? For your information, there is also no statement that we are the only living being in this universe.This is why you should believe that their existence is real and not just rumours. TRANSITION Okay, lets get started with my first point of evidence about their existence. Some of you might be assuming that I will tell you the illogical proof, but I am here with the proof that makes sense. One of the Astrobiologists of NASA has reported that he has travelled to remote regions in Antarctica, Siberia, and Alaska over the past decade and found a very rare class of meteorites with some possible proof of alien life. Richard Hoover claimed that He found shapes similar to bacteria that are supposed leftovers of bacteria.To confirm, he tested the structures to see if they contained nitrogen. Unlike cells on earth, the mineralized microscopic rock fossils did not, so he decided th at they had to be of extraterrestrial origin. The bacteria have been found at the bottom of Mono Lake near Californias Yosemite National Park which is rich in arsenic which is usually poisonous to life, which do not have our atmosphere. Other than that, all the story of aliens and UFOs starting to be an issue after the UFO crash incident in Roswell, New Mexico.It all started on June 25, 1947 when a pilot named Kenneth Arnold reported seeing several objects while flying near Mt Rainier, Washington. His descriptions of the objects that flew like geese and moving like saucers that you bounced it across the water and became the term Flying Saucers, and thus the age of the UFO was born. Millions of peoplehave claimed to see or experience something paranormal and out of the ordinary. Even if most of them can be explained away, that still leaves a lot of unexplainable objects in the sky and unexplainable sightings of other worldly beings.UFO sightings have been reported all over the world, not just the U. S. A. A flying disc was seen by pilots, crew members, and a bunch of other people at the Chicago OHare Airport in November, 2006. The whole story was shown on CNN January 6, 2007. The government claims it was not alien aircraft or aliens and nothing of the sort was ever recovered. They have stated it was only a weather balloon. Alternatively, the evidence may exist but we, the public, are simply denied access to it by the big government on earth.But there are reasons why the government keep hiding and denying about the truth of their existence. The government is concerned want to keeps it a secret so as not to disrupt human society, which may be too fragile to risk exposure to the news that aliens exist and are routinely visiting the Earth. Imagine what would happen to the religions, which is a very important aspect of our society on Earth if the existence of aliens is confirmed. Then, they also may have in their possession alien technology, which they want to rever se engineer so as to gain an advance technological edge over rival nations.Besides, government could have incentive to keep aliens technologies secret to protect the economy which is an important backbone of modern society. TRANSITION Well, announcement from the government or NASA that aliens really do exist seems to be the proof that we are all waiting for. The fact that it has not come yet is what make people to believe that UFO does not exist. So, I also gathered some evidence from the past civilizations that also believe of aliens existence. The great evidence of UFO from past civilizations on earth is the most believable proof I can think of.The aliens and UFOs stories not only been discovered currently, but they had already been an issues for a long time ago. The pictures of aliens show up in religious paintings andon old drawings. There are several Renaissance paintings that have UFOs in them. There are also prehistoric drawings that show UFOs and also numerous examples of UF Os and aliens. How could they draw it all if they had never seen the real one? Consequently, these are the proof that cannot be doubted and shown that aliens and UFO are really present since a long time ago.Besides, there are also the aliens looking skulls found. The skulls are extremely stretched out, that would mean the brain would be much larger than a normal humans. They are clearly not a human skull because the researcher has been fed a variety illogical explanation as to why this skull has this formation. Now, they are all together at Museum Regional de Ica in Peru. It is not a coincidence, Ancient Egyptians make such large heads in their photos, carvings, and statues because they had really seen the real aliens at their time.Then, about ancient monuments that we would have trouble building today, metals that do not originate on Earth, which is have been found in China, they were completely spherical and well fabricated. So, this also means that they also involved in some of t he construction in our earth. TRANSITION So, I have shown you all the evidence about their existence either from the latest decade where there is the present of technology and also from past civilization on earth. But, I am sure that many of you might be thinking, if they are really exist, why Allah never stated about them in the Al Quran.Here are some points that may stop you from being wondering. The Al-Quran never stated about the existence of aliens, but you must be concerned that Allah also never stated that we are the only living beings in this universe. In some of Surah, there is some implied information about another intelligent existence other than humanity, angels and demons in this universe. And one of the statement in Al-Quran, He created sky and earth, and Dabbah that He spread the two of them. And He has the power to gather all of it whenever He wants.Then, Allah also created seven skies and either earth which is under His rule so that you know as He is too powerful or He knows about the entire thing. Besides, Al-Quran also stated that it is not only our earth that is under His shield, all the existence in earth and sky also needed Him al the time as we did. In the book of Syaikh Muhammad al-Ghazali, he said that our earth not more than a dust in this big and wonderful universe that full of life and living beings. We will be the fool one if we are thinking that we are the only existence in this big place.Allah created a lot of galaxy, so it is possible that our planet not the only one that is full of live. This universe for him is full with living beings that Allah made that shown about His existence and His Almighty. Okay, for now I am confirmed that my explications have given a big impact to your belief. All I can say that the existences of aliens are not only rumours but they are living in this planet with us. I hope that I have convinced you enough that the existences of those aliens are not just rumours but they are real.I think I have suffi ciently exposed you the proof of their existence, hoping that you would change your perspective. Like I said previously, I am not talking nonsense without evidence. Once again I insist that you should believe the aliens are existing because NASA scientist had found the absolute proof of their existence. It is not been announced yet because there are some conspiracy from government as they are hiding and keep denying about the aliens existence and they did it for reasons.Besides all the evidence from NASA, yet there is a lot of proof that they do exist. I put more effort on historical proof as the great evidence of UFO from past civilizations on Earth shown that their existence had been found long time ago. After all, if you are still wondering why not Allah proves their existence, I reclaim that there is no statement that we are the only living being in this universe in Al Quran either from other Islamic Religion. So, you should believe that the existence of aliens and UFO are not j ust rumours.Persuasive Speech

Racism Synthesis

racial discrimination can be define as the hatred of matchless person by another or the belief that another person is less than human because of skin color, language, customs, place of birth or all factor that supposedly reveals the basic nature of that person. It has influenced wars, buckle downry, the formation of nations, and legal codes (What). The fount of racism over the past 50 years has changed but yet, some(a) thus far stay the same. race made laws against racism and it is not as blunt each much.But opinions and stereotypes will remain which will cause others to static be treated differently. One vogue the face of racism has changed is that there are now laws against it. Because racism was such a major problem tooshie then, the 14th amendment was created, which provided everyone guaranteed equal protection of the law and pr even outts unreasonable searches and seizures (Racial). In my high school, there is a wide range of diversity in races among the studen ts.Not exactly a school of Blacks, or middling sportys, or even just Asians, but the students are made up of a class of races. A law that allows this diversity to happen is called Affirmative save. Affirmative Action refers to policies that take factors including race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or guinea pig origin into consideration in order to bene pop off an underrepresented group in areas of employment, education, and business, usually justified as countering the effects of a history of discrimination (Affirmative).According to James McBride in The discolor of Water, him and his family were shocked by the racial division of the city and surrounding country, where some of the discolor kids attended understaffed and underfunded city schools while whites attended bubbling clean suburban schools with fantastic facilities (McBride 180). This suggests that since racism changed up north, in sensitive York, there arent as much segregated schools bothmore. While in the south, in Delaware, there still are segregated schools and rough racism.Another way the face of racism has changed is that it is not as blunt anymore. Racism is more discrete. Back then, not all blacks had the same privileges and racism wasnt just about black and white quite a little. This is an causa of colourism. Colourism can be defined as a conscious or unconscious state of parti pris that may be experienced by both blacks and whites so that they trail as less attractive and intelligent individuals of a darker complexion, particularly, when it comes to black women Demystifying). Among the black community, there is racism between it as well. Back then, white slave owners allowed those of a lighter complexion authentic privileges and denied those of a darker complexion those privileges and created in the minds of blacks that light is better. In addition, the selling of lighter-skinned women into prostitution or to salve master to become their mistresses helped to concretize the idea that light skin is better (Demystifying).But racism is not just about blacks and whites. It can be between any races. With the internet and the power of social networking these days, it is even easier to repudiate and excoriate people. People can criticize you secretly and not include you in certain events without your knowing. You can express racism even behind a figurer screen on a website plus make it private so it cant be seen by the public. Although racism has changed over beat these past 50 years, racism in many ways still exists.Everybody has their own opinion and those opinions are influenced by the public and the media. In some way, shape, or form, people are stereotypical towards one another. Racial write is an issue due to such opinions and stereotypes. Racial Profiling can be defined as the practice by law enforcement officials of using race, national origin, or ethnicity as the primary or sole consideration when step in in a law-enforcement capac ity (Racial).James McBride, in The colouring material of Water, states that any black man who loiters in front of a building for a long time looking it over is bound to draw disbelief from cops and others who probably think hes looking for an open becharm so he can climb in and steal something. This is an example of racial profiling because the police are considering that since he is black, he is divergence to commit abuse and steal something. In that time, black males were closely associated with abhorrence in America (McBride). This is a contribution to the stereotype of black people always committing crimes.Although stereotypes are based off facts, they do not agree to everybody. According to Heather Mac Donald, such disparities in criminal victimization mean that the police cannot target their resources at the neighborhoods that most need protection without producing racially disparate stop and arrest rates. Blacks are not just the most frequent victims of crime in New York they are in like manner its most frequent perpetratorsadd Hispanics to black shootings, and you account for 98 portion of all gun violence in New York. Racism still hasnt changed in stereotypes.Blacks still commit most crimes and are racially profiled by suspicion. Racism over the past 50 years has changed because of such laws for example, the 14th amendment and Affirmative Action. Furthermore, racism has changed due to colourism as well. But on the contrary, even though time has passed and views have changed, racism still body the same due to everyones opinions provided and influenced by stereotypes. Works Cited Affirmative Action. Wikipedia. 2012. N. pag. Print. Demystifying Colourism, Racism opinion. Africa News Service 19 June 2012.Global Issues In Context. Web. 5 Oct. 2012. Mac Donald, Heather. The crime reporting you never read if it doesnt bash the police, it isnt fit to print. National Review 30 July 2012 32. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 5 Oct. 2012 . McBride, James. The Color of Water A Black Mans Tribute to His White Mother. New York Riverhead, 1997. Print. Racial Profiling. Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 3 Sept. 2012. Web. 5 Oct. 2012. . What Is Racism? Anti-Defamation League. Anti-Defamation League, 2011. Web. 13 Oct. 2012. .

Economics Test Bank Chapter 14

Chapter 14 Firms in matched commercializes Multiple Choice 1. A FIRM HAS MARKET POWER IF IT CAN a. subjoin scratch. b. minimize constitutes. c. mold the commercialise equipment casualty of the good it shifts. d. hire as umpteen workers as it needs at the prevailing wage rate. autonomic nervous systemCPTS1DIF1REF14-0 NATAnalyticLOC thoroughgoing(a) competitionTOPMarket supply manuscriptDefinitional 2. A book store that has commercialise forcefulness bum a. act the grocery store impairment for the books it gives. b. minimize personifys to a greater extent than efficiently than its competitors. c. reduce its advertising budget to a greater extent so than its competitors. d. switch off good-maximizing strategies when setting the terms for its books. autonomic nervous systemAPTS1DIF1REF14-0 NATAnalyticLOC unadulterated competitionTOPMarket power manuscript applicatory 3. The analysis of private- get downprise(a) impregnables sheds light on the decisions that comprise behind the a. take in skid. b. supply curve. c. way dissolutes make pricing decisions in the non-for-profit sector of the economy. d. way financial commercialises set interest rates. autonomic nervous systemBPTS1DIF1REF14-0 NATAnalyticLOC pure(a) competitionTOPmilitant merchandises disseminated multiple sclerosis informative 4. For whatsoever agonistic commercialize, the supply curve is closely related to the a. preferences of consumers who purchase products in that securities industry place. b. income tax rates of consumers in that trade. c. unassailables comprises of production in that trade. d. interest rates on administration bonds. autonomic nervous systemCPTS1DIF1REF14-0 NATAnalyticLOC meliorate competitionTOP belligerent markets multiple sclerosis interpretative 5. job a loaded in to for each one whiz of the two markets listed below were to extend its expenditure by 20 percent. In which duad would the inviolable in the stolo n market listed experience a striking decline in sales, further the crocked in the second market listed would not? a. corn and soybeans b. gas pedal and restaurants c. water supply and cable television d. spiral notebooks and college textbooks autonomic nervous systemDPTS1DIF2REF14-0 NATAnalyticLOC double-dyed(a) competitionTOP matched markets atomic number 62 applicatory 6. count on a upstanding in each of the two markets listed below were to gain its monetary value by 30 percent.In which pair would the loaded in the first market listed experience a dramatic decline in sales, but the faithful in the second market listed would not? a. oil and natural gas b. cable television and throttle c. restaurants and MP3 players d. movie theaters and b each(prenominal)point pens autonomic nervous systemBPTS1DIF2REF14-0NATAnalyticLOC double-dyed(a) competitionTOP war-ridden markets manuscriptapplicative What is a war-ridden Market? 1. A KEY CHARACTERISTIC OF A COMPETITIVE MARKET IS THAT a. government antitrust laws regulate competition. b. bringrs sell roughly identical products. c. hards minimize numerate costs. d. self-coloureds progress to cost setting power. autonomic nervous systemBPTS1DIF1REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOC complete competitionTOP private- assentprise(a) markets manuscriptDefinitional 2. Which of the succeeding(a) is not a mark of a matched market? a. Buyers and marketers ar monetary value takers. b. Each degenerate sells a virtu aloney identical product. c. Entry is limited. d. Each steadfastly pick outs an fruit take aim that join ons profits. autonomic nervous systemCPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOC perfective tense competitionTOP militant markets manuscriptDefinitional 3. Which of the succeeding(a) is a characteristic of a free-enterprise(a) market? a. thither be m any(prenominal) buyers but hardly a(prenominal) sellers. b. Firms sell differentiated products. c. on that point be more barriers to ent ranceway. d. Buyers and sellers be price takers. autonomic nervous systemDPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCperfective aspect competitionTOP warlike markets manuscriptDefinitional 4. Who is a price taker in a emulous market? a. buyers b arly b. sellers yet c. both buyers and sellers d. neither buyers nor sellers autonomic nervous systemCPTS1DIF1REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOC faultless(prenominal) competitionTOP warring markets samariumDefinitional 5. agonistical markets are characterized by a. a smaller number of buyers and sellers. b. unique products. c. the mutualness of libertines. d. alleviate entry and scrag by unassailables. autonomic nervous systemDPTS1DIF1REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOC holy competitionTOPCompetitive markets disseminated multiple sclerosisDefinitional 6. A market is militant if (i) soakeds pick up the flexibility to price their own product. (ii) each buyer is small compared to the market. (iii) each seller is small compared to the market. a. (i) an d (ii) all b. (i) and (iii) further c. (ii) and (iii) precisely d. (i), (ii), and (iii) autonomic nervous systemCPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOC perfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets manuscript interpretative 7. A fuddled that has itsy-bitsy ability to influence market prices operates in a a. belligerent market. b. strategic market. c. thin market. d. power market. autonomic nervous systemAPTS1DIF1REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOC stark(a) competitionTOPCompetitive markets disseminated multiple sclerosisDefinitional 8. In a war-ridden market, the actions of any single buyer or seller pull up stakes a. switch a negligible impact on the market price. b. have little accomplishment on market residuum sum of money but depart mint market equilibrium price. c. affect fringy taxation and medium tax receipts enhancement but not price. d. adversely affect the profitability of more than one potent in the market. autonomic nervous systemAPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalytic LOC sinless competitionTOPCompetitive markets disseminated sclerosis interpretative 9. In a rivalrous market, the actions of any single buyer or seller impart a. discourage entry by competitors. b. influence the profits of other regulars in the market. c. have a negligible impact on the market price. d. None of the supra is right-hand(a). autonomic nervous systemCPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOC gross(a) competitionTOPCompetitive markets disseminated sclerosisinterpretive 10. Because the goods offered for sale in a combative market are largely the same, a. on that point ordain be few sellers in the market. b. there pull up stakes be few buyers in the market. c. exactly a few buyers will have market power. d. sellers will have little evidence out to weight down little than the going market price. autonomic nervous systemDPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets manuscript informative 11. Which of the following is not a characteris tic of a dead competitive market? a. Firms are price takers. b. Firms have obstacle entering the market. c. There are many sellers in the market. d. Goods offered for sale are largely the same. autonomic nervous systemBPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCInterpretive 12. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a perfectly competitive market? a. Firms are price takers. b. Firms hind end freely enter the market. c. Many cockeyeds have market power. d. Goods offered for sale are largely the same. autonomic nervous systemCPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCInterpretive 3. Free entry means that a. the government pays any entry costs for individual firms. b. no legal barriers prevent a firm from entering an intentness. c. a firms fringy cost is zero. d. a firm has no frigid costs in the short run. autonomic nervous systemBPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetiti ve markets MSCInterpretive 14. Which of the following industries is most believably to pose the characteristic of free entry? a. nuclear power b. municipal water and sewer c. dairy farming d. airport security autonomic nervous systemCPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCapplicative 15. Which of the following industries is most likely to break the characteristic of free entry? a. cable television b. satellite piano tuner c. mineral mining d. t-shirt silkscreening autonomic nervous systemDPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSC practical 16. Which of the following industries is least likely to exhibit the characteristic of free entry? a. restaurants b. municipal water and sewer c. soybean farming d. exchange running apparel autonomic nervous systemBPTS1DIF2REF14-1NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSC practical 17. Which of the following industries is least likely to exh ibit the characteristic of free entry? a. interchange running apparel b. pale yellow farming c. yoga studios d. satellite communicate ANSDPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSC practical 8. When buyers in a competitive market take the selling price as given, they are said to be a. market entrants. b. monopolists. c. free riders. d. price takers. ANSDPTS1DIF1REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCDefinitional 19. When firms are said to be price takers, it implies that if a firm raises its price, a. buyers will go elsewhere. b. buyers will pay the high price in the short run. c. competitors will also raise their prices. d. firms in the industry will exercise market power. ANSAPTS1DIF2REF14-1NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCInterpretive 20. Which of the following statements best reflects a price-taking firm? a. If the firm were to burster more than the going price, it would sel l none of its goods. b. The firm has an incentive to charge less than the market price to earn high tax. c. The firm potbelly sell only a limited amount of produce at the market price before the market price will fall. d. price-taking firms plus profits by charging a price higher up bare(a) cost. ANSAPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCInterpretive 1. Why does a firm in a competitive industry charge the market price? a. If a firm charges less than the market price, it loses potential taxation. b. If a firm charges more than the market price, it loses all its customers to other firms. c. The firm can sell as many building blocks of produce as it wants to at the market price. d. each(prenominal) of the above are correct. ANSDPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCInterpretive 22. In a competitive market, no single producer can influence the market price because a. many other sellers are fli ng a product that is ssentially identical. b. consumers have more influence over the market price than producers do. c. government intervention prevents firms from influencing price. d. producers agree not to change the price. ANSAPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCInterpretive 23. A competitive firm would benefit from charging a price below the market price because the firm would achieve (i) higher come tax. (ii) higher profits. (iii) lower sum gibe costs. a. (i) only b. (ii) and (iii) only c. (i), (ii), and (iii) d. None of the above is correct. ANSDPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCInterpretive 24. Which of the following characteristics of competitive markets is necessary for firms to be price takers? (i) There are many sellers. (ii) Firms can freely enter or exit the market. (iii) Goods offered for sale are largely the same. a. (i) and (ii) only b. (i) and (iii) only c. (ii) onl y d. (i), (ii), and (iii) ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCInterpretive 25. compute a firm in a competitive market reduces its payoff by 20 percent. As a result, the price of its rig is likely to a. improver. b. remain unchanged. c. drop by less than 20 percent. d. decrease by more than 20 percent. ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSC uninflected 26. The Doris dairy farm spring up sells take out to a dairy broker in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. Because the market for milk is generally considered to be competitive, the Doris Dairy Farm does not a. choose the beat of milk to produce. b. choose the price at which it sells its milk. c. have any unflinching costs of production. d. set b ruleline tax income get even to bare(a) cost to maximize profit. ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-1NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCInterpretive 27. The Doris Dairy Farm sells milk t o a dairy broker in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. Because the market for milk is generally considered to be competitive, the Doris Dairy Farm does not choose the a. step of milk to produce. b. price at which it sells its milk. c. profits it earns. d. tout ensemble of the above are correct. ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCInterpretive 28. In a competitive market, a. no single buyer or seller can influence the price of the product. b. there are only a small number of sellers. c. the goods offered by the different sellers are unique. d. accounting profit is driven to zero as firms freely enter and exit the market. ANSAPTS1DIF1REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCInterpretive 29. Which of the following statements regarding a competitive market is not correct? a. There are many buyers and many sellers in the market. b. Because of firm location or product differences, some firms can charge a higher price than other firms and still avow their sales volume. c. Price and clean tax income are able. d. Price and peripheral receipts are equal. ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCInterpretive 30. Which of the following statements regarding a competitive market is not correct? a. There are many buyers and many sellers in the market. b. Firms can freely enter or exit the market. c. Price equals mean(a) tax income. d. Price surpasss fringy gross. ANSDPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCInterpretive 31. One of the defining characteristics of a perfectly competitive market is a. a small number of sellers. b. a large number of buyers and a small number of sellers. c. a identical product. d. significant advertising by firms to promote their products. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCDefinitional 32. Which of the following firms is the closest to being a perfectly competitive firm? a. a hot dog vendor in modern York b. Microsoft Corporation c. Ford Motor Company d. the campus bookstore ANSAPTS1DIF1REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSC practical 33. Which of the following firms is the closest to being a perfectly competitive firm? a. the New York Yankees b. Apple, Inc. c. DeBeers diamond wholesalers d. a wheat farmer in Kansas ANSDPTS1DIF1REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCapplicative 34. Firms that operate in perfectly competitive markets try to a. maximize taxations. b. maximize profits. c. equate peripheral tax income enhancement with bonnie bring cost. d. all(a) of the above are correct. ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCInterpretive 35. A seller in a competitive market can a. sell all he wants at the going price, so he has little reason to charge less. b. influence the market price by adjusting his fruit. c. influence the profits earned by competing firms by adjusting his fruit. d. All of the above are correct. ANSAPTS1DIF1REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCInterpretive 36. A seller in a competitive market a. can sell all he wants at the going price, so he has little reason to charge less. b. will lose all his customers to other sellers if he raises his price. c. considers the market price to be a take it or leave it price. d. All of the above are correct. ANSDPTS1DIF1REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCInterpretive 7. In a perfectly competitive market, a. no one seller can influence the price of the product. b. price exceeds peripheral tax income for each social building block sold. c. average receipts enhancement enhancement exceeds marginal gross for each unit sold. d. All of the above are correct. ANSAPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCInterpre tive 38. For a firm in a competitive market, an increase in the touchstone produced by the firm will result in a. a decrease in the products market price. b. an increase in the products market price. c. no change in the products market price. d. either an increase or no change in the products market price depending on the number of firms in the market. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCInterpretive 39. If Cathys Coffee Emporium sells its product in a competitive market, and so a. the price of that product depends on the quantity of the product that Cathys Coffee Emporium produces and sells because Cathys Coffee Emporiums demand curve is downward sloping. b. Cathys Coffee Emporiums issue forth taxation moldinessiness be proportional to its quantity of output. c. Cathys Coffee Emporiums sum of money cost must be a constant multiple of its quantity of output. d. Cathys Coffee Emporiums wide receipts must be equal to its av erage tax tax tax. ANSBPTS1DIF3REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOP quantity revenue MSC uninflected 40. Changes in the output of a perfectly competitive firm, without any change in the price of the product, will change the firms a. full(a) revenue. b. marginal revenue. c. average revenue. d. All of the above are correct. ANSAPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOP sum revenue MSCAnalytical 41.If a firm in a perfectly competitive market triples the quantity of output sold, then be revenue will a. more than triple. b. less than triple. c. exactly triple. d. Any of the above may be true depending on the firms labor productivity. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOP amount revenue MSCAnalytical 42. When a competitive firm doubles the quantity of output it sells, its a. total revenue doubles. b. average revenue doubles. c. marginal revenue doubles. d. profits must increase. ANSAPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competition TOP ingrained revenueMSCAnalytical 43. If a firm in a competitive market doubles its number of units sold, total revenue for the firm will a. more than double. b. double. c. increase but by less than double. d. may increase or decrease depending on the price elasticity of demand. ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPTotal revenue MSCAnalytical shelve 14-1 total Price 0 $5 1 $5 2 $5 3 $5 4 $5 5 $5 6 $5 7 $5 8 $5 9 $5 44. cite to circuit board 14-1. The price and quantity relationship in the table is most likely a demand curve approach by a firm in a a. monopoly. b. concentrated market. c. competitive market. d. strategic market. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCAnalytical 45. list to accede 14-1.Over which set forth of output is average revenue equal to price? a. 1 to 5 units b. 3 to 7 units c. 5 to 9 units d. modal(a) revenue is equal to price over the entire range of output. ANSDPTS1 DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOP come revenue MSCAnalytical 46. name to defer 14-1. Over what range of output is marginal revenue declining? a. 1 to 6 units b. 3 to 7 units c. 7 to 9 units d. bare(a) revenue is constant over the entire range of output. ANSDPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOP peripheral revenue MSCAnalytical 47. hint to plank 14-1. If the firm doubles its output from 3 to 6 units, total revenue will a. increase by less than $15. b. increase by exactly $15. c. increase by more than $15. d. Total revenue cannot be compulsive from the study provided. ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPTotal revenue MSCApplicative put off 14-2 The table represents a demand curve faced by a firm in a competitive market. Price Quantity $4 0 $4 1 $4 2 $4 3 $4 4 $4 5 48. meet to dishearten 14-2. A firm direct in a competitive market maximizes total revenue by producing a. 2 units. b. 3 units. c. 4 units. d. as many units as possible. ANSDPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPTotal revenue MSCApplicative 49. Refer to plug-in 14-2. For a firm operating(a) in a competitive market, the average revenue from selling 3 units is a. $12. b. $4. c. $3. d. $1. 25. ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOP norm revenue MSCApplicative 50. Refer to Table 14-2. For a firm operating in a competitive market, the marginal revenue from selling the 3rd unit is a. $12. b. $4. c. $3. d. $1. 25. ANSBPTS1DIF3REF14-1NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPmarginal revenue MSCApplicative Table 14-3 Quantity Total revenue 0 $0 1 $7 2 $14 3 $21 4 $28 51. Refer to Table 14-3. For a firm operating in a competitive market, the price is a. $0. b. $7. c. $14. d. $21. ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCApplicative 52.Refer to Table 14-3. For a firm operating in a competitive market, the marginal revenue is a. $0. b. $7. c. $14. d . $21. ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOP bare(a) revenue MSCApplicative 53. Refer to Table 14-3. For a firm operating in a competitive market, the average revenue is a. $21. b. $14. c. $7. d. $0. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOP add up revenue MSCApplicative Table 14-4 Quantity Total tax income 0 $0 1 $15 2 $30 3 $45 4 $60 54. Refer to Table 14-4. For a firm operating in a competitive market, the price is a. $45. b. $30. c. $15. d. $0. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCApplicative 55. Refer to Table 14-4. For a firm operating in a competitive market, the marginal revenue is a. $45. b. $30. c. $15. d. $0. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPmarginal revenue MSCApplicative 56.Refer to Table 14-4. For a firm operating in a competitive market, the average revenue is a. $45. b. $30. c. $15. d. $0. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPA verage revenue MSCApplicative Table 14-5 Quantity Total Revenue 12 $132 13 $143 14 $154 15 $165 16 $176 57. Refer to Table 14-5.The price of the product is a. $9. b. $11. c. $13. d. $15. ANSBPTS1DIF1REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive markets MSCApplicative 58. Refer to Table 14-5. The average revenue when 14 units are produced and sold is a. $9. b. $11. c. $13. d. $15. ANSBPTS1DIF1REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPAverage revenue MSCAnalytical 59. Refer to Table 14-5. The marginal revenue of the 12th unit is a. $9. b. $10. c. $11 d. The marginal revenue cannot be determined without knowing the total revenue when 11 units are sold. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOP borderline revenue MSCAnalytical Table 14-6 The following table presents cost and revenue information for a firm operating in a competitive industry. be REVENUES Quantity Total Marginal Quantity Price Total Marginal Produced appeal Cost Demanded Revenue Revenue 0 $100 0 $ great hundred 1 $cl 1 $ one hundred twenty 2 $202 2 $120 3 $257 3 $120 4 $317 4 $120 5 $385 5 $120 6 $465 6 $120 7 $562 7 $120 8 $682 8 $120 60. Refer to Table 14-6. What is the total revenue from selling 7 units? a. $120 b. $490 c. $562 d. $840 ANSDPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPTotal revenue MSCApplicative 61. Refer to Table 14-6. What is the total revenue from selling 4 units? a. $120 b. $257 c. $317 d. $480 ANSDPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPTotal revenue MSCApplicative 62. Refer to Table 14-6. What is the marginal revenue from selling the 3rd unit? a. $55 b. $120 c. $137 d. $140 ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-1NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPMarginal revenue MSCApplicative 63. Refer to Table 14-6. What is the average revenue when 4 units are sold? a. $60 b. $120 c. $125 d. $197 ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPAverage revenue MSCAp plicative 64. Which of the following statements is correct? a. For all firms, marginal revenue equals the price of the good. b. lonesome(prenominal) for competitive firms does average revenue equal the price of the good. c. Marginal revenue can be calculated as total revenue divided up by the quantity sold. d. Only for competitive firms does average revenue equal marginal revenue. ANSDPTS1DIF3REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competition TOPAverage revenue Marginal revenueMSCInterpretive 65. Suppose a firm in a competitive market earned $1,000 in total revenue and had a marginal revenue of $10 for the last unit produced and sold. What is the average revenue per unit, and how many units were sold? a. $5 and 50 units b. $5 and 100 units c. $10 and 50 units d. $10 and 100 units ANSDPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPAverage revenue MSCApplicative 66. Which of the following statements regarding a competitive firm is correct? a. Because demand is downward slopi ng, if a firm increases its aim of output, the firm will have to charge a lower price to sell the additional output. b. If a firm raises its price, the firm may be able to increase its total revenue even though it will sell few units. c. By lowering its price below the market price, the firm will benefit from selling more units at the lower price than it could have sold by charging the market price. d. For all firms, average revenue equals the price of the good. ANSDPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPAverage revenue MSCAnalytical 67. Suppose a firm in a competitive market produces and sells 150 units of output and earns $1,800 in total revenue from the sales. If the firm increases its output to cc units, the average revenue of the 200th unit will be a. less than $12. b. more than $12. c. $12. d. Any of the above may be correct depending on the price elasticity of demand for the product. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPAverage r evenue MSCAnalytical 68. Suppose a firm in a competitive market produces and sells 150 units of output and earns $1,800 in total revenue from the sales. If the firm increases its output to 200 units, total revenue will be a. $2,000. b. $2,400. c. $4,200. d. We do not have complete information to adjudicate the question. ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPTotal revenue MSCAnalytical 69.Firms operating in competitive markets produce output takes where marginal revenue equals a. price. b. average revenue. c. total revenue divided by output. d. All of the above are correct. ANSDPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competition TOPMarginal revenue Average revenueMSCApplicative 70. For a competitive firm, a. total revenue equals average revenue. b. total revenue equals marginal revenue. c. total cost equals marginal revenue. d. average revenue equals marginal revenue. ANSDPTS1DIF1REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competition TOPMarginal revenue Average re venueMSCDefinitional 71.Suppose that a firm operating in perfectly competitive market sells 100 units of output. Its total revenues from the sale are $500. Which of the following statements is correct? (i) Marginal revenue equals $5. (ii) Average revenue equals $5. (iii) Price equals $5. a. (i) only b. (iii) only c. (i) and (ii) only d. (i), (ii), and (iii) ANSDPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPMarginal revenue Average revenueMSCAnalytical 72. Suppose that a firm operating in perfectly competitive market sells 200 units of output at a price of $3 each. Which of the following statements is correct? (i) Marginal revenue equals $3. (ii) Average revenue equals $600. (iii) Average revenue exceeds marginal revenue, but we dont know by how a lot. a. (i) only b. (iii) only c. (i) and (ii) only d. (i), (ii), and (iii) ANSAPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competition TOPMarginal revenue Average revenueMSCAnalytical 73. Suppose that a firm operating in perfectly competitive market sells 300 units of output at a price of $3 each. Which of the following statements is correct? (i) Marginal revenue equals $3. (ii) Average revenue equals $100. (iii) Total revenue equals $300. a. (i) only b. (iii) only c. (i) and (ii) only d. (i), (ii), and (iii) ANSAPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competition TOPMarginal revenue Average revenueMSCAnalytical 74. Suppose that a firm operating in perfectly competitive market sells 400 units of output at a price of $4 each. Which of the following statements is correct? (i) Marginal revenue equals $4. (ii) Average revenue equals $100. (iii) Total revenue equals $1,600. a. (i) only b. (iii) only c. (i) and (iii) only d. (i), (ii), and (iii) ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competition TOPMarginal revenue Average revenueMSCAnalytical 75. For a firm operating in a competitive industry, which of the following statements is not correct? a. Price equals average revenue. b . Price equals marginal revenue. c. Total revenue is constant. d. Marginal revenue is constant. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPMarginal revenue Average revenueMSCInterpretive 76. For a firm in a perfectly competitive market, the price of the good is always a. equal to marginal revenue. b. equal to total revenue. c. greater than average revenue. d. equal to the firms efficient master of output. ANSAPTS1DIF1REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPMarginal revenue MSCInterpretive 77. Suppose a firm in a competitive market produces and sells 8 units of output and has a marginal revenue of $8. 00. What would be the firms total revenue if it instead produced and sold 4 units of output? a. $4 b. $8 c. $32 d. $64 ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPMarginal revenue MSCApplicative 78. Whenever a perfectly competitive firm chooses to change its level of output, its marginal revenue a. increases if MR ATC and decreases if MR ATC. b. does not change. c. increases. d. decreases. ANSBPTS1DIF1REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPMarginal revenue MSCInterpretive 79. Suppose that in a competitive market the equilibrium price is $2. 50.What is marginal revenue for the last unit sold by the typical firm in this market? a. less than $2. 50 b. more than $2. 50 c. exactly $2. 50 d. The marginal revenue cannot be determined without knowing the actual quantity sold by the typical firm. ANSCPTS1DIF1REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPMarginal revenue MSCInterpretive 80. For an individual firm operating in a competitive market, marginal revenue equals a. average revenue and the price for all levels of output. b. average revenue, which is greater than the price for all levels of output. c. average revenue, the price, and marginal cost for all levels of output. d. marginal cost, which is greater than average revenue for all levels of output. ANSAPTS1DIF2REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competition T OPMarginal revenue Average revenueMSCInterpretive 81. If the market elasticity of demand for potatoes is -0. 3 in a perfectly competitive market, then the individual farmers elasticity of demand a. will also be -0. 3. b. depends on how large a crop the farmer produces. c. will range between -0. 3 and -1. 0. d. will be infinite. ANSDPTS1DIF3REF14-1 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPElasticity MSCAnalyticalProfit slimeimization and the Competitive Firms Supply Curve 1. IF A COMPETITIVE FIRM IS CURRENTLY PRODUCING A LEVEL OF OUTPUT AT WHICH MARGINAL REVENUE EXCEEDS MARGINAL COST, hence a. a one-unit increase in output will increase the firms profit. b. a one-unit decrease in output will increase the firms profit. c. total revenue exceeds total cost. d. total cost exceeds total revenue. ANSAPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCAnalytical 2. If a competitive firm is truely producing a level of output at which marginal cost exceeds margina l revenue, then a. a one-unit increase in output will increase the firms profit. b. a one-unit decrease in output will increase the firms profit. c. total revenue exceeds total cost. d. total cost exceeds total revenue. ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCAnalytical 3. If a competitive firm is currently producing a level of output at which marginal cost exceeds marginal revenue, then a. average revenue exceeds marginal cost. b. the firm is earning a positive profit. c. fall output would increase the firms profit. d. All of the above are correct. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCAnalytical 4. Comparing marginal revenue to marginal cost (i) reveals the contribution of the last unit of production to total profit. (ii) is reformative in fashioning increasing production decisions. (iii) tells a firm whether its fixed costs are too high. a. (i) only b. (i) and (ii) only c. (ii) and (iii ) only d. (i) and (iii) only ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-2NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCInterpretive 5. At the profit-maximizing level of output, a. marginal revenue equals average total cost. b. marginal revenue equals average variable cost. c. marginal revenue equals marginal cost. d. average revenue equals average total cost. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCInterpretive 6. The intersection of a firms marginal revenue and marginal cost curves determines the level of output at which a. total revenue is equal to variable cost. b. total revenue is equal to fixed cost. c. total revenue is equal to total cost. d. profit is maximized. ANSDPTS1DIF2REF14-2NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCInterpretive 7. For a certain firm, the hundredth unit of output that the firm produces has a marginal revenue of $10 and a marginal cost of $7. It follows that the a. production of the hundredth unit of outpu t increases the firms profit by $3. b. production of the 100th unit of output increases the firms average total cost by $7. c. firms profit-maximizing level of output is less than 100 units. d. production of the 99th unit of output must increase the firms profit by less than $3. ANSAPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCAnalytical 8.For a certain firm, the 100th unit of output that the firm produces has a marginal revenue of $10 and a marginal cost of $11. It follows that the a. production of the 100th unit of output increases the firms profit by $1. b. production of the 100th unit of output increases the firms average total cost by $1. c. firms profit-maximizing level of output is less than 100 units. d. production of the 110th unit of output must increase the firms profit but by less than $1. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCAnalytical 9. A certain competitive firm sells its output for $20 per u nit. The 50th unit of output that the firm produces has a marginal cost of $22.Production of the 50th unit of output does not necessarily a. increase the firms total revenue by $20. b. increase the firms total cost by $22. c. decrease the firms profit by $2. d. increase the firms average variable cost by $0. 44. ANSDPTS1DIF3REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCAnalytical 10. Sam sells soybeans to a broker in Chicago, Illinois. Because the market for soybeans is generally considered to be competitive, Sam maximizes his profit by choosing a. to produce the quantity at which average variable cost is minimized. b. to produce the quantity at which average fixed cost is minimized. c. to sell at a price where marginal cost is equal to average total cost. d. the quantity at which market price is equal to Sams marginal cost of production. ANSDPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCAnalytical 11. If a competitive firm is sel ling 1,000 units of its product at a price of $9 per unit and earning a positive profit, then a. its total cost is less than $9,000. b. its marginal revenue is less than $9. c. its average revenue is greater than $9. d. the firm cannot be a competitive firm because competitive firms cannot earn positive profits. ANSAPTS1DIF2REF14-2NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCAnalytical 12. If a competitive firm is selling 1,000 units of its product at a price of $8 per unit and earning a positive profit, then a. its average revenue is greater than $8. b. its marginal revenue is less than $8. c. its total cost is less than $8,000. d. All of the above are correct. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCAnalytical 13. Max sells maps. The map industry is competitive. Max hires a business consultant to read his companys financial records. The consultant recommends that Max increase his production. The consultant must have conc lude that Maxs a. total revenues exceed his total accounting costs. b. marginal revenue exceeds his total cost. c. marginal revenue exceeds his marginal cost. d. marginal cost exceeds his marginal revenue. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCInterpretive 14. Christopher is a professional tennis player who gives tennis lessons. The industry is competitive. Christopher hires a business consultant to analyze his financial records. The consultant recommends that Christopher give fewer tennis lessons. The consultant must have concluded that Christophers a. total revenues exceed his total accounting costs. b. marginal revenue exceeds his total cost. c. marginal revenue exceeds his marginal cost. d. marginal cost exceeds his marginal revenue. ANSDPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCInterpretive 15. Laura is a foodie chef who runs a small catering business in a competitive industry. Laura specializes in making get married measures. Laura sells 20 conjoin coats per month. Her monthly total revenue is $5,000. The marginal cost of making a wedding cake is $300. In order to maximize profits, Laura should a. make more than 20 wedding cakes per month. b. make fewer than 20 wedding cakes per month. c. treat to make 20 wedding cakes per month. d. We do not have enough information with which to break up the question. ANSBPTS1DIF3REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCAnalytical 16. Laura is a gourmet chef who runs a small catering business in a competitive industry. Laura specializes in making wedding cakes. Laura sells 20 wedding cakes per month. Her monthly total revenue is $5,000. The marginal cost of making a wedding cake is $200. In order to maximize profits, Laura should a. make more than 20 wedding cakes per month. b. make fewer than 20 wedding cakes per month. c. continue to make 20 wedding cakes per month. d. We do not have enough information w ith which to answer the question. ANSAPTS1DIF3REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCAnalytical 17. Marcia is a invent cause who runs a small apparel business in a competitive industry. Marcia specializes in making source dresses. Marcia sells 10 dresses per month. Her monthly total revenue is $5,000. The marginal cost of making a dress is $400. In order to maximize profits, Marcia should a. make more than 10 dresses per month. b. make fewer than 10 dresses per month. c. continue to make 10 dresses per month. d. We do not have enough information with which to answer the question. ANSAPTS1DIF3REF14-2NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCAnalytical 18. Marcia is a fashion designer who runs a small clothing business in a competitive industry. Marcia specializes in making designer dresses. Marcia sells 10 dresses per month. Her monthly total revenue is $5,000. The marginal cost of making a dress is $500. In order to maximize profits, Marcia should a. make more than 10 dresses per month. b. make fewer than 10 dresses per month. c. continue to make 10 dresses per month. d. We do not have enough information with which to answer the question. ANSCPTS1DIF3REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCAnalytical 19.Marcia is a fashion designer who runs a small clothing business in a competitive industry. Marcia specializes in making designer dresses. Marcia sells 10 dresses per month. Her monthly total revenue is $5,000. The marginal cost of making a dress is $600. In order to maximize profits, Marcia should a. make more than 10 dresses per month. b. make fewer than 10 dresses per month. c. continue to make 10 dresses per month. d. We do not have enough information with which to answer the question. ANSBPTS1DIF3REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCAnalytical 20. A competitive firm has been selling its output for $20 per unit and has been maximizing its profit, wh ich is positive.Then, the price rises to $25, and the firm makes whatever adjustments are necessary to maximize its profit at the now-higher price. Once the firm has adjusted, its a. quantity of output is higher than it was previously. b. average total cost is higher than it was previously. c. marginal revenue is higher than it was previously. d. All of the above are correct. ANSDPTS1DIF3REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCInterpretive 21. A competitive firm has been selling its output for $20 per unit and has been maximizing its profit, which is positive. Then, the price falls to $18, and the firm makes whatever adjustments are necessary to maximize its profit at the now-lower price. Once the firm has adjusted, its a. quantity of output is lower than it was previously. b. average total cost is lower than it was previously. c. marginal cost is higher than it was previously. d. All of the above are correct. ANSAPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfec t competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCInterpretive 22. A competitive firm has been selling its output for $10 per unit and has been maximizing its profit. Then, the price rises to $14, and the firm makes whatever adjustments are necessary to maximize its profit at the now-higher price. Once the firm has adjusted, its a. marginal revenue is lower than it was previously. b. marginal cost is lower than it was previously. c. quantity of output is higher than it was previously. d. All of the above are correct. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCInterpretive 23. When profit-maximizing firms in competitive markets are earning profits, a. market demand must exceed market supply at the market equilibrium price. b. market supply must exceed market demand at the market equilibrium price. c. new firms will enter the market. d. the most inefficient firms will be encouraged to leave the market. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionT OPCompetitive markets MSCInterpretive Table 14-7Suppose that a firm in a competitive market faces the following revenues and costs Marginal Marginal Quantity Cost Revenue 12 $5 $9 13 $6 $9 14 $7 $9 15 $8 $9 16 $9 $9 17 $10 $9 24. Refer to Table 14-7. If the firm is currently producing 14 units, what would you discuss the owners? a. decrease quantity to 13 units b. increase quantity to 17 units c. continue to operate at 14 units d. increase quantity to 16 units ANSDPTS1DIF1REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPProfit maximization MSCApplicative 25. Refer to Table 14-7. If the firm is maximizing profit, how much profit is it earning? a. $0 b. $1 c. $10 d. There is insufficient data to determine the firms profit. ANSDPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPProfit MSCApplicative Table 14-8Suppose that a firm in a competitive market faces the following revenues and costs Quantity Total Revenue Total Cost 0 $0 $3 1 $7 $5 2 $14 $8 3 $21 $12 4 $2 8 $17 5 $35 $23 6 $42 $30 7 $49 $38 26. Refer to Table 14-8.The firm will not produce an output level beyond a. 4 units. b. 5 units. c. 6 units. d. 7 units. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPProfit maximization MSCApplicative 27. Refer to Table 14-8. The firm will produce a quantity greater than 4 because at 4 units of output, marginal cost a. is less than marginal revenue. b. equals marginal revenue. c. is greater than marginal revenue. d. is minimized. ANSAPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPProfit maximization MSCApplicative 28. Refer to Table 14-8. In order to maximize profits, the firm will produce a. 1 unit of output because marginal cost is minimized. b. 4 units of output because marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost. c. 6 units of output because marginal revenue equals marginal cost. d. 8 units of output because total revenue is maximized. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPProfit maximization MSCApp licative Table 14-9 Suppose that a firm in a competitive market faces the following revenues and costs Quantity Total Revenue Total Cost 0 $0 $10 1 $9 $14 2 $18 $19 3 $27 $25 4 $36 $32 5 $45 $40 6 $54 $49 7 $63 $59 8 $72 $70 9 $81 $82 29. Refer to Table 14-9. If the firm produces 4 units of output, a. marginal cost is $4. b. total revenue is greater than variable cost. c. marginal revenue is less than marginal cost. d. the firm is maximizing profit. ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPCompetitive firms MSCAnalytical 30. Refer to Table 14-9. At which quantity of output is marginal revenue equal to marginal cost? a. 3 units b. 6 units c. 8 units d. 9 units ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPProfit maximization MSCApplicative 31. Refer to Table 14-9. In order to maximize profit, the firm will produce a level of output where marginal revenue is equal to a. $6. b. $7. c. $8. d. $9. ANSDPTS1DIF2REF14-2NATAnalytic LOCPerfect competitionTOPProfit maximization MSCApplicative 32. Refer to Table 14-9. In order to maximize profit, the firm will produce a level of output where marginal cost is equal to a. $5. b. $7. c. $9. d. $10. ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPProfit maximization MSCApplicative 33. Refer to Table 14-9. The maximum profit available to the firm is a. $2. b. $3. c. $4. d. $5. ANSDPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPProfit maximization MSCApplicative 34. Refer to Table 14-9. If the firms marginal cost is $11, it should a. increase production to maximize profit. b. increase the price of the product to maximize profit. c. advertise to attract additional buyers to maximize profit. d. reduce production to increase profit. ANSDPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPProfit maximization MSCAnalytical 35. Refer to Table 14-9. If the firms marginal cost is $5, it should a. reduce fixed costs by lowering production. b. increase production to maximize profit. c. decrease production to maximize profit. d. maintain its current level of production to maximize profit. ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPProfit maximization MSCAnalytical Table 14-10Suppose that a firm in a competitive market faces the following revenues and costs Quantity Total Revenue Total Cost 0 $0 $3 1 $7 $5 2 $14 $9 3 $21 $15 4 $28 $23 5 $35 $33 6 $42 $45 7 $49 $59 36. Refer to Table 14-10. The marginal cost of producing the 4th unit is a. $7. b. $8. c. $10. d. $23. ANSBPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPMarginal cost MSCApplicative 37. Refer to Table 14-10. At which level of production will the firm maximize profit? a. 3 units b. 4 units c. 5 units d. 6 units ANSAPTS1DIF2REF14-2 NATAnalyticLOCPerfect competitionTOPProfit maximization MSCApplicative 38. Refer to Table 14-10. If the firm produces the profit-maximizing level of production, how much profit will the firm earn? a. $2 b . $4 c. $6 d. $8 ANSCPTS1DIF2REF14-2

An investigation on the development of car safety and the importance of airbags Essay

Chemistry experiment to arrogate the inflation of an aura clutch in case of a auto crash accountOur aim is to create a chemical response to demonstrate the rapid inflation use in automobiles.The inflation of an publicizebag is a precise loyal answer, and the typical re momentants used argon a mixture of Calcium change (CaCO3), Potassium nitrate (KNO3) and Silicon dioxide. When a railroad auto crash occurs a sensor in the railway cars strivingbag triggers the reaction that go out pull through the drivers life if the speed at which he is woful is greater than 16-24 km/h-1. The nitrogen has to be produces to a greater extent than quickly than the driver hitting the instruction wheel. The unplayful reaction is completed in less than 1/25 of 1 sec, because of the danger of this reaction, to demonstrate in a similar centering the reaction that takes place in an expressionbag we have chosen to inf raw(a)-made a goonoon victimisation the bumbleconade obtained b y the reaction of a alloy acid to produce sodium hundredate.EquationCa(s) + 2HCl(aq) = Ca(aq) + (g) + O(l)Materials-Conical Flask-Cork with delivery underpass-heat mats-spatula-chemicals (baking soda) goggles (safety glasses)Procedure Gather all apparatus needed for the entire experiment Set up all apparatus Pour CaCo3 into the conical flaskful Add the HCl to the solution already in the conical flask Cover the flask with a cork delivery tube which will then allow to blow up the testisoon Observe the reaction lastOur experiment was successful in proving the function of an send offbag of a car. Our experiment aimed to demonstrate the safety of the passengers of an automobile, through the use of an airbag. For our alchemy experiment we chose to hold the airbag inflation to our IB program syllabus, hence by doing an experiment similar to the angiotensin-converting enzyme we had already successfully completed during the school family. was the element produced that master(pre nominal)ly noble-minded the balloon, the reaction took place almost immediately. Hence, we have experimented the chemical reaction of a metal acid that produced Sodium Carbonate and inflated a balloon, the reaction was similar to the inflation of an airbag, proving the identical chemical science principles.Research QuestionHow airbags managed to remediate automobile safety.IntroductionThe tuition of airbags began with the idea for a dodge that would publish automobile drivers and passengers in a car accident, whether they were wearing their sit down belts or not. Nowadays, airbags atomic number 18 compulsory in new cars and argon designed to act as a postscriptary safety device in step-up to a seat belt. crinklebags were invented in 1953. The automobile industry started in the late 1950s to research airbags and soon discovered that there were galore(postnominal) difficulties in the development of an airbag. Crash tests showed that for an airbag to be useful as a prophyla ctic device, the bag must deploy and inflate wi sensitive 40 milliseconds. The musical arrangement must too be able to detect the protestence amongst a stark(a) crash and a minor fender-bender. These technological difficulties slowed the airbag invention process of 30 years, and in fact, it was in the mid 1980s that airbags started to be installed in all cars produced.In recent years, increased reports in the media concerning deaths or serious injuries due to airbag deployment have led to a national reciprocation approximately the usefulness and safety of airbags. Questions atomic number 18 being raised as to whether airbags should be mandatory, and whether their safety dissolve be improved. However, as Graph 1 and 2 demonstrate, airbags have renderd lives and have lowered the derive of severe injuries.Graph 1This bar graph shows that there is a signifi masstly higher reduction in moderate to serious head injuries for muckle using airbags and seat belts together tha n for people using further seat belts.Graph 2Deaths among drivers using both airbags and seat belts atomic number 18 26% lower than among drivers using seat belts al unmatchable.An airbag must be able to deploy in a matter of milliseconds from the initial smasher seismic disturbance. It must also be pr veritable(a)ted from deploying when there is no encounter. Hence, the premier(prenominal) component of the airbag system is a sensor that can detect head-on collisions and immediately trigger the airbags deployment. One of the simplest designs employed for the crash sensor is a trade name ball that slides inside a smooth bore. The ball is held in place by a permanent magnet or by a truehearted spring, which inhibit the balls motion when the car drives over bumps or potholes. However, when the car decelerates very quickly, as in a head-on crash, the ball suddenly locomotes forward and turns on an galvanic circuit, initiating the process of inflating the airbag.Once the elect rical circuit has been turned on by the sensor, a pellet of sodium azide (NaN3) is ignited. A rapid reaction occurs, generating nitrogen gas (N2). This gas fills a nylon or polyamide bag at a velocity of cl to 250 miles per hour. This process, from the initial impact of the crash to full inflation of the airbags, takes hardly about 40 milliseconds (Movie 1). Ideally, the clay of the driver (or passenger) should not hit the airbag while it is notwithstanding inflating. In order for the airbag to blow the head and torso with air for maximal valueion, the airbag must begin to deflate as the bole hits it. Otherwise, the high inside pressure of the airbag would create a surface as hard as stone, a device that wouldnt result useful to the passenger or driver.EvaluationThe kinetic theory of gases assumes that gases are ideal, thus that there are no interactions amid molecules, and the size of the molecules is puny compared to the free space between the molecules, but molecules a re as a physiologic automobile trunk that moves continually through space in stochastic directions.In a microscopical view, the pressure exerted on the walls of the container is the result of molecules colliding with the walls, and hence exerting perpetrate on the walls (Graph 3). When many molecules hit the wall, a large force is distributed over the surface of the wall, which gives pressure.An grave fact derived from the kinetic theory of gases shows that the ordinary kinetic brawn of the gas molecules depends only on the temperature. Since average kinetic energy is related to the average speed of the molecules (EK = mu2 / 2, where m=mass and u is the average speed), the temperature of a gas sample must be related to the average speed at which the molecules are moving. Thus, we can view temperature as a measure of the random motion of the particles, defined by the molecular speeds.This implies that there must be a range ( dispersal) of speeds for the system. In fact, there is a typical distribution of molecular speeds for molecules of a minded(p) molecular weight at a given temperature, known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (Graph 3). This distribution was initiative predicted using the kinetic theory of gases, and was then verified experimentally using a snip-of-flight spectrometer. As shown by the Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions in Graph 3, there are very few molecules traveling at very low or at very high speeds. The maximum of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution shows the intermediate speed at which the largest number of molecules are traveling. As the temperature increases, the number of molecules that are traveling at high speeds increases, and the speeds become much plainly distributed in the bows.Graph 3The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution can be shown graphically as the plot of the number of molecules traveling at a given speed versus the speed. As the temperature increases, this curve broadens and extends to higher speeds.As turn endorsen in Graph 3, there is a singular distribution curve for each temperature. Temperature is defined by a system of gaseous molecules only when their speed distribution is a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. Any opposite type of speed distribution rapidly becomes a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution by collisions of molecules, which transfer energy. Once this distribution is achieved, the system is said to be at thermal equilibrium, and hence has a temperature.When a consistency hits the guidance wheel directly, the force of this impact is distributed over a small line of business of the consistency, resulting in injuries to this area. The area that hits the steering wheel is shown in red.When a frame is reticent by an airbag, the force of the impact is distributed over a much big area of the physical structure, resulting in less severe injuries. The area that hits the airbag is shown in orange.ConclusionThe law of inertia, is demonstrated in a car collision and it is nor malitys first law which states that objects moving at a unending velocity continue at the same velocity unless an external force acts upon them. When a car stops suddenly, as in a car incident, a dead consistence inside the car continues moving forward at the same velocity as the car was moving prior to the collision, because its inertial tendency is to continue moving at constant velocity. However, the body does not continue moving at the same velocity for long, but earlier comes to a stop when it hits approximately object in the car, such as the steering wheel or dashboard.Thus, there is a force exerted on the body to change its velocity. Injuries from car accidents result when this force is very large. Airbags protect you by applying a embossmentraining force to the body that is smaller than the force the body would experience if it hit the dashboard or steering wheel suddenly, and by spreading this force over a larger area. For simplicity, in the preaching below, we will c onsider only the case of a driver hitting the steering wheel. If there is a restraining device as an airbag, the force of impact decreases, hence, the airbag abases the rate of deceleration. Therefore, the force on the body is smaller and fewer injuries result.When an airbag restrains the body, the body exerts an equal and opposite force on the airbag. Un desire the immovable steering wheel, the airbag is deflated slowly. This deflation can occur because of the presence of vents in the bag. The force exerted by the body pushes the gas through the vents and thus deflates the bag. Because the gas can only leave at a certain rate, the bag deflates slowly.Additionally, airbags help reduce injuries by spreading the force over a larger area. If the body crashes directly into the steering wheel, all the force from the steering wheel will be utilize to a localized area on the body that is the size of the steering wheel, from which a serious injury can form. However, when the body hits an airbag, which is larger than a steering wheel, all the force from the airbag on the body will be spread over a larger area of the body. Therefore, the force on any finical point on the body is smaller. Hence, less serious injuries will occur, this will also help to save the drivers and passengers life. This is how a simple chemical equation avoids the deaths of millions.Physics ExperimentInvestigating safety on carsIntroductionAs cars became increasingly powerful and fast, rate of incidents increased exponentially and, normally more violent. This meant, over the years, a constant research and development of new security measures, and even nowadays more and more new systems are introduced all(prenominal) day. This development gave birth to what we now consider to be the basic requirements of any safe car, such as seat belts, air bags and ripple zones.Crumple zonesThe structures that in cars are commonly known as cave in zones are areas placed on the front and commonly on the rea r of a fomite that are designed to absorb energy during impact in a predictable and controlled way.In the late 1950s, the ecumenic population still believed that the stronger the structure of a car, the safer that car would be during an incident. Actually, however, this form of construction criteria proved to be fatal to most passengers. This is because during a collision all the energy of the impact went directly to the vehicle and onto the passengers. In 1967, the Mercedes Heckflosse was the first mass production car in the world to feature decay zones and a safety cage. In order to fit appropriate crisp zones, the truck was made almost 50% bigger. Nowadays car featuring crumple zones and rigid cabs are standard safety requirements in almost every car made throughout the world. The fact that a car that crushes more intimately protects its passengers more than a car that does not crush at all, may seem strange, but, in fact, the reason for this seem obvious when considering t he physics behind it.Newtons first law states that a body will remain at rest or continue traveling at uniform motion (constant velocity) unless a force is acted on it. Therefore, in a situation in which a car is impacting with a wall, if a vehicle is travelling at 70 km/h, the passengers inside are doing the same, and when the vehicle collides with the wall and comes to a sudden stop, the passengers bodies will continue button in the same direction at the same speed, 70 km/h. As stated in the law, these bodies will keep on moving forward until they themselves collide with a part of the car or with other(a) passenger. Even when the human body comes to rest in this kind of incident, its national organs slam against each other and against bones. This will, of course cause, injuries to the passengers and sometimes even death.Newtons second law of motion states thatThe law conveys that as the time taken by the car to arrive to complete rest increases, the force transferred to the car and, therefore its passengers, will be decreased. On the other hand, if the amount of time to reach complete halt is decreased, the force undergo will be greater.Crumple zones are specifically designed in order to crush, absorbing part of the force of the collision. The force of the collision is given out during the impact in the form of heat, sound and in from of mechanically skillful organise done on the crumple zone. The front (and rear) part of the car acts as a cushion and it is able to increase the time taken to reach complete halt and, hopefully, save the passengers lives. However crumple zones only work provided there is no intrusion on external elements, like the engine, in the rigid cage.This concept can be easily explained mind a simply typeface. Take for instance cardinal object, the first is a unhurt steel jam, while the second is an aluminium can.When the real steel block (or car with no crumple zones) impacts with the wall, the wall does not move and, inst ead, exerts an equal magnitude and opposite direction force on the block. This causes the block to bounce off the wall in an elastic manner, conserving almost all its initial kinetic energy (EK) and, therefore, experiencing a large force.On the other hand when considering the aluminium can, the situation is different. When an aluminium can (or a car with crumple zones) impacts with a wall, it does not conserve all of its initial kinetic energy (EK). This is because, instead of just bouncing off, some of the kinetic energy is transformed into mechanical work, heat and sound , during the squashing of the crumple zones. The result is a smaller force acted on the can. The action of crumple zones increases the time of collision and lessens the amount of force experienced by the aluminium can.Specific materialsAs seen in the previous section, the material with which different split of the vehicle are built are of primary importance. Depending on how we want specific parts of the car to b ehave, specific material must be chosen. For instance, crumple zones are expected to crush easily, while the inner rigid cage is vatical to withstand higher forces without braking. Based on this information we can lay that the best material to build a crumple zone is an easily bendable metal like aluminium, instead for the rigid cage, a much harder alloy like steel.Alloys are partial or complete solid solutions of one or more elements (metallic or/and non-metallic) in a metallic lattice. Alloys usually present different properties from those of the elements composing them. Alloying one metal with one or more metals or non-metals often improves the properties of the starting elements. For instance, when considering steel we can see how this alloy is stronger than its primary element, conjure (Fe). Even though physical properties, such as density, reactivity, electrical and thermal conductivity, of the alloy does not differ inn great amount from those of its constituent elements, e ngineering properties such as pliable strength and shear strength can differ considerably.The pliant strength of a material is the maximum amount of tensile nervous strain (measured in Newton) that it can tolerate before it tears to parts. The shear strength, instead, is the skill of the material to resist shear stress. The increase in both tensile strength and shear strength are usually due to the sizes of the atoms in the alloy. Larger atoms in the alloy apply a compressional stress on neighbouring atoms, and smaller atoms apply a tensional stress on their neighbours. This particular composition of alloys helps to resist deformation when a strong force is applied on it. Even when the amounts of each element in an alloy are altered slightly, this presents huge differences in physical engineering properties and behaviour.For instance, very small amounts of carbon (C) (between 0.2% and 2.1%) are added to iron (Fe) and act as hardening agents opposeing dislocation of the iron at oms. From the image on the left it is possible to see how the atoms of carbon (A) place in between the atoms of iron (B), preventing the sliding of the layers of iron atoms. However, in case the amount of carbon was excessive, this would have the opposite effect, causing the iron to be brittle and break easily. Some alloys are made by melting and mixing two or more metallic elements. The first alloy ever discovered was bronze, it was made of copper and tin, and was discovered during the prehistoric period known as the bronze age. It was originally used to call tools and weapons, but later it has been used for ornaments, bells, statues, and bearings.Video of crash testsInvestigating the effectiveness on crumple zones during a head-on collisionSUVMass of the tram/kgDistance from the wall /mTime taken/sDistance travelled after collision/mDetailed explanation of the airbag productionInvented at the start of the 1950s, it only came to wide use during the 1960s. Air bag-equipped cars have demonstrated, both in controlled tests and everyday use, their effectiveness and reliability (in frontlet collisions, deaths for drivers, were lowered by 28 percent in vehicles featuring air bags).In order to answer to the increased of safety concerns of the consumers, the federal government has oblige all car manufacturers to upgrade the safety features installed on their cars. The Department of impartation (DOT) regulations require that all cars sold in the US, being produced starting from year 1990, had to feature a passive restriction system. Passive restraint systems are security systems that require no activation by the driver and usually are identified to be automatic seat belts and air bags. For air bags, until year 1994 the regulations only require a drivers air bag and must include passive protection on the passengers side (seatbelts). Later, in 1991, a new law postulate both driver and passenger air bags in all cars by year 1998 and in light trucks and vans by y ear 1999.Air bags are inflatable cushions designed to protect car passengers from serious or even fatal injury in case of a collision. The air bag is part of a system, also known as an air cushion restraint system (ACRS) or an air bag supplemental restraint system (SRS) (they are called supplemental because the air bag is designed to supplement the protection of seat belts). When detecting a collision, the air bags inflate instantly to provide the passenger with a big gas-filled cushion.A typical air bag system consists of an air bag module (containing an inflator or gas generator and an air bag), crash sensors, a diagnostic supervise unit, a steering wheel connecting coil, and an indicator lamp. These components are all incorporate by a wiring harness and powered by the vehicles battery.Air bag sensors are specifically designed to prevent the air bag from inflating when the car travels over a bump or in case of a minor collision.In a frontal impact equivalent to hitting a solid barrier at a speed of 14.5 Km/h, the sensors located in the front of the car detect the sudden deceleration and send an electrical signal activating an initiator. The initiator is similar to a light bulb and contains a thin wire that heats up, breaking through the propelling chamber. This sudden penetration causes the solid chemical propellant, usually sodium azide, sealed up inside the inflator to undergo a very quick chemical reaction. This controlled reaction produces benign blasts of the nitrogen gas that inflates the air bag.The resulting nitrogen gas fills the nylon bag in less than one-twenty-fifth (1/25) of a second, opening its plastic cover on the intake wheel and inflating in front of the passenger before this hits the stirring wheel. As the occupant hits the inflated bag, the nitrogen gas is pushed out through some openings at the back of the bag. The bag remains fully inflated for no longer than one-tenth (1/10) of a second and is almost completely deflated by three -tenths (3/10) of a second after the impact with the passenger. Talcum grind or corn starch is used to line the inside of the air bag and is released from the air bag as it is opened causing the quality white cloud.Components of an airbagAn air bag is formed by three main parts the nylon bag, the inflator, and the propellant. The bag is made from a woven nylon fabric and can differ in shape and size depending on the specific vehicle safety requirements. Talcum powder or corn starch is used when handling the air bag, since every of the two substances prevents the woven nylon fabric from sticking together and makes assembling process easier.The inflator body is made from either stamped stainless steel or cast aluminium. Inside the inflator body there is a filter gathering formed by a stainless steel wire mesh with ceramic material held in between. When the inflator body is assembled in the factory, the filter assembly is wrapped by a metal foil to maintain the filter sealed preven ting propellant contamination.The propellant, typically sodium azide ,in the form of black pellets, is combined with an oxidizer and is usually located inside the inflator body between the filter assembly and the initiator.EvaluationWhile analysing how I dealt with the Group Four Project, I notice some facts that I could have improved, hence improvements that could be done in how my Group Four has worked. The atoms of my Group Four Project were Jacopo Mauro, Daniel Gardin, Maria Airchinsky, Edoardo Nalon and Laure Rasscheart. I noticed that when we started to work at the project, we werent working as a team, as we still didnt know what we really had to do, as time passed we got to know each other better and gained more confidence, thus, we started to work more as a team and we managed to assign tasks inside within the group, for example Edoardo had to contact some car stores and to gather information about the crumple zones and the materials used in the car production, Jacopo and Daniel were the ones who worked on the physics experiment, since they are the two members of the group who have taken the physics course, while Laure, Maria and I did the chemistry experiment, since we had the idea of the inflation of a balloon as a representation of an airbag.The project could have been done in a more efficient way we lost a lot of time to really start with various ideas, set the experiments, and start working as a group, although it is possible to recognize the fact that our problems in getting organized were also due the fact that the members of the group never had study periods at the same time. Probably, something that could have really helped our report was to have a leader perhaps not the smartest, but the one who could have made sure that everyone who was really proceeding with their tasks, and not wait for the last minute to do so. peradventure he/she could have given the others some deadlines, and set up meetings to see how everyone was doing.Another t hing that we could have improved in our Group 4 Project was that we didnt have many meetings, we had also the summer to work on it, and we didnt really do much, so we waited for September when we came back from vacations to start again to worry about finishing the project.Moreover, every member of the group was at a different level in chemistry and math, for example Jacopo and Daniel are very good at chemistry and physics, in fact they chose the scientific course, while Laure, Edoardo, Maria and I dont even take physics and arent objectively very good in chemistry.However, what emerged from our difficulties was a complex and elaborated project, a research on an important thematic such as safety in the streets, cogitate on car accidents. Our project could be expanded on an foreign scale by suggesting other schools to perform the same research as we did, hence rising internationally the awareness in students on how chemistry and physics are important on a daily basis, how these subj ects are at the base of our most important healthy issues.

Junk Food Industry and Obesity

In the U. S. fleshiness rates have come up from 14% in 1978 to 31% in 2000according to WHO/FAO in 2001, degenerative diseases resulting by and large from poor diet conferd to 60% of the 56 million describe d eliminatehs worldwide (Lang & Heasman 200453). Both Canadian and American citizens alike spend grand amounts of their m acey on nutrition and a substantial percentage of that money is played out on low-nutrition foods much(prenominal) as luxuriant foods and processed foods. being the cash cow that it is, the capitalisticic food system has provided the opportunity for corporations to pelf numerous types of cast aside foods ( immediate & processed foods containing high sugar, salt, fat).According to Robert Albrittons (200990) permit Them Eat Junk, he argues that the outlay of junk foods is not the only causal agency of obesity, but it is doubtless a major(ip) causeand obesity is something that we conquer to happen, and while there may be many causes, he would argue that the essential cause is a capitalist food system that we have each(prenominal)owed to font us. This essay will further extend on that argument and check that the growing trend of obesity is caused by the fundamental principle of the capitalist food system, which is to profit from marketing junk foods without considering the health consequences associated with it.Examining why consumers eat junk food in a sociological perspective, the financial incentives associated with selling junk foods in a capitalist perspective, and the health problems/consequences from the consumption of junk foods will be explored. A solution will be provided in attempts to rectify the growing trend of obesity due to junk foods. It is resilient that we excessively look into the health implications as a result of the consumption of junk foods. Most notably, the greatest risk being obesity. Public health is an important factor in todays society.Billions of dollars are spent on health care exclusiv ely over the world. At the corresponding time, about the same amount of money is being put into a system that deters the health of millions of citizens every year (Adams 2005). In the present, the junk food fabrication is becoming a focal point in tilt surrounding its impact on public health. For example, many blame fast food businesses for public health concerns, arguing that fast-food choices and large portion sizes contribute to obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and a variety of other diet-related problems (Adams 2005).In 2002, director Morgan Spurlock subjected himself to a diet based only in McDonalds fast food ternion times a day for thirty days and without working out. His clinical was to prove why most of the Americans are so fat, with many cases of obesity (IMDB). He gained about 18 pounds over the course of the experiment, experienced conception swings, loss of sex drive, and nearly catastrophic liver damage. Spurlocks personate fat composition increased by 7 percen t, his cholesterol went up 60 points, and his blood pressure rose from 120/80 to one hundred fifty/100. Shortly after Mr.Spurlocks revelations about his fast-food experiment, the Associated Press reported that McDonalds was phasing out its super size menu options (Hagloch 2005). Super Size Me (name of the documentary) was a great example of how junk food affects the general public and is also an indication that the junk food industry, motivated by profits and shareholder interests, has ignored its responsibilities to the consuming public. It is clear that there is a huge petition for junk foods and that corporations thrive on this demand by creating more than and more junk foods. As a result, there are health consequences such as obesity.Solutions to reduce obesity should be one of the main concerns in todays society, however, to completely rid junk foods entirely acquire not be one of the solutions. The junk food industry plays a significant role in stimulating the North Ameri can economies. Three-quarters of all Americans live within common chord miles of a McDonalds, and two-thirds live within three miles of a KFC, Pizza Hut or Taco Bell fast food restaurant. (Albritton 200998). In addition, supermarkets in North America are one of the most popular destinations for consumers to do most of their shopping. Supermarkets play a major role in the American food regime since that is where 40% of all food is purchased. Supermarkets typically sell a high proportion of highly processed, highly packaged and highly transported foods. In other words, supermarkets are largely purveyors of unsustainable petrofoods and unhealthy processed foods (Albritton 2009120). Given that junk foods are a significant contributor to the North American economies, it would be inexpedient to completely get rid of the production and sales of junk food in order to process the obesity epidemic.Rather, there should be more of an educational solution to shake against obesity. With the high demand for junk foods due to the fast-paced lifestyle in North America and for the availability of these foods provided by corporations that strive to gain profits, it is no surprise that junk food is one of the leading causes of obesity in North America today. As Robert Albritton (200990) pointed out, the primary cause is a capitalist food system that we have allowed to subject us. Although the junk food industry is significantly vital towards the stability of the North American economies, it would be unwise to rid the production and sales of junk foods entirely. Instead, the use of subsidy dollars to come out into nutritional awareness programs and the reduction in portion sizes for fast and processed foods are recommended options to prevent obesity. These steps may not on its testify prevent obesity, however, these are one of many important steps in fighting against the obesity epidemic today and for future generations.